This is a DRAFT (v3) of the chronology for the year 1996. In the final version of this chronology some links will be provided to other CAIN material. Additional information in the form of Abstracts of Organisations, Abstracts of Individuals, a Bibliography, a Glossary, a List of Acronyms, etc., mentioned in this chronology is available in the left-hand 'frame' of this web page (you will require an up-to-date version of web browser to view in frames).

This chronology has been compiled from a number of sources.

Each entry contains information, where relevant, on the following topic areas:

Major security incidents

Political developments

Policy initiatives

Economic matters

Other relevant items

1996

JANUARY 1996

Monday 1 January 1996
Ian Lyons (AGE), was shot dead by the group Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD) in Lurgan. DAAD is considered by many in Northern Ireland to be a cover name (pseudonym) used by the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

Tuesday 9 January 1996
A debate opened in the House of Commons, Westminster on the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Bill which was drafted to replace the Prevention of Terrorism Act and the Emergency Provisions (Northern Ireland) Act. The Bill contained a proposal on the videotaping of Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) interviews.

Thursday 11 January 1996
The three members of the International Body on Arms Decommissioning met John Major, the British Prime Minister, in London.

Friday 12 January 1996
The three members of the International Body on Arms Decommissioning met the Irish Government, and representatives of Fianna Fáil (FF), Sinn Féin (SF), and the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in Dublin. The Irish Government and the three parties stated their opposition to the idea of an elected assembly to be based at Stormont that had been proposed by David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP).

Sunday 14 January 1996
Sinn Féin (SF) again stated that it thought the idea of a new elected assembly at Stormont was a "non-runner".

Monday 15 January 1996
The British and Irish Governments and the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) held a first tripartite meeting. The three members of the International Body on Arms Decommissioning met with Northern Ireland Office (NIO) ministers, and representatives of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and Sinn Féin (SF) in Belfast.

Wednesday 17 January 1996
The British and Irish Governments met with Sinn Féin (SF) at Stormont. The meeting was for preparatory talks. Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, and Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), again said that all-party talks would begin by the end of February 1996.

Wednesday 24 January 1996
The report of the International Body on arms decommissioning (the Mitchell Report) was published (the report is dated 22 January 1996) in Belfast. Included in the report were six principles (the 'Mitchell Principles') by which parties could enter into all-party talks and at the end of the report there were a number of confidence building measures. The main conclusion of the report was that decommissioning of paramilitary arms should take place during all-party talks rather than before or after as some parties wanted. The report was welcomed by the Irish Government and opposition parties, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI). Sinn Féin (SF), the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) and the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) accepted the report as a way forward. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) rejected the report and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) expressed reservations. In a move which surprised many observers John Major, the British Prime Minister, ignored the main elements of the report and focused on the "elective process" mentioned as one of a series of confidence building measures. The UUP and the DUP welcomed the proposed elections while the SDLP initially rejected the proposal. The Irish Government accused the British of not consulting them on the announcement. Relations between the two Governments were soured for some days afterwards.

Sunday 28 January 1996
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) refused to meet with the Irish Government as part of the 'twin-track' negotiations.

Monday 29 January 1996
The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) and the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP), held their first meeting under the 'twin-track' negotiations.

Tuesday 30 January 1996
Gino Gallagher (AGE), believed to be the Chief of Staff of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), was shot dead in a Social Security Office in the Falls Road, Belfast. This killing was to mark the beginning of another feud within the INLA. This particular feud ended on 3 September 1996. Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), held a meeting with Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, at Stormont. John Hume, the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), met with John Major, the British Prime Minister, in Downing Street, London.

FEBRUARY 1996

Thursday 1 February 1996
A large number of bullets were fired into the home of a reserve member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). No group admitted responsibility. The Irish Times newspaper ran a report that Sinn Féin (SF) was unhappy with the final report from the Forumn for Peace and Reconciliation, based in Dublin.

Sunday 4 February 1996
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) rejected calls from the Irish Government for a start to negotiations. George Mitchell, chair of the International Body on Arms Decommissioning, said that there was a danger of an Irish Republican Army (IRA) split if there was no movement to all-party talks.

Wednesday 7 February 1996
Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), and Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, held a meeting in Dublin. Dick Spring proposed the establishment of 'proximity' style talks similar to those adopted at the Dayton, Ohio Negotiations in the United States of America (USA) between warring groups from Bosnia. The idea was rejected by unionist politicians.

Thursday 8 February 1996
Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), traveled to America for talks with Bill Clinton, the President of the United States of America (USA). The European Court of Human Rights found that aspects of the British Government's emergency legislation in Northern Ireland infringed the European Convention on Human Rights.

Friday 9 February 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded a large bomb at South Quay in the Docklands area of London. The lorry bomb killed two people, injured many more, caused millions of pounds worth of damage, and marked the end of the IRA ceasefire after 17 months and 9 days. A statement had been issued by the IRA one hour before the explosion occurred at 7.01pm.

Saturday 10 February 1996
John Bruton, the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), announced that the Irish Government was breaking off ministerial contact with Sinn Féin (SF) in the light of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) bombing in London on 9 February 1996.

Tuesday 13 February 1996
John Major, the British Prime Minister, met Ian Paisley, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), for talks at Downing Street, London.

Thursday 15 February 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) left a five pound Semtex bomb in a telephone kiosk in the Charing Cross Road, London. Additional troops were flown into Northern Ireland to be deployed in the border areas.

Friday 16 February 1996
There was a large peace rally at City Hall, Belfast, and a number of smaller rallies at venues across Northern Ireland.

Sunday 18 February 1996
Edward O'Brien (21), later claimed as one of their members by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), was killed by the premature explosion of the bomb he was carrying. The bomb accidentally detonated in the bus he was traveling in as it passed along Aldwych, London. A number of passengers were injured in the explosion. David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), agreed to meet Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), for discussions based on a 'limited agenda'. Ronnie Flanagan was appointed as Deputy Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC).

Tuesday 20 February 1996
John Major, the British Prime Minister, held talks with David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), in Downing Street, London. Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), accepted the offer of talks (issued on 18 February 1996) with David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP).

Wednesday 21 February 1996
An area of the centre of Belfast was evacuated because of a bomb scare. It is the first bomb scare in Northern Ireland since the Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire. John Hume, the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), met with members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) Council to discuss the ending of the IRA ceasefire. The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) published a document outlining proposals for a 90 member elected body to be based in Stormont, Belfast.

Sunday 25 February 1996
Rallies in support of peace were held in a number of cities in Ireland and Britain.

Monday 26 February 1996
In a crucial vote at Westminster on the Scott report (on shipments of arms to Iraq) the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and the United Kingdom Unionist (UKU) member voted against the Government. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) abstained. The Government won the debate by one vote.

Wednesday 28 February 1996
John Major, the British Prime Minister, and John Bruton, the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), held a summit meeting in London. The two Governments set a date (10 June 1996) for the start of all-party talks. It was announced that parties to the talks would have to agree to abide by the six 'Mitchell Principles' and there would be a period of 'proximity' talks to decide on an agenda and the administration of the process.

Thursday 29 February 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued a statement following talks between John Hume, the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), and representatives of the IRA.

MARCH 1996

Saturday 2 March 1996
David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), and Ian Paisley, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), said they would not attend the 'proximity' talks at Stormont.

Monday 4 March 1996
Launch of a period of intensive consultations between the Northern Ireland political parties at Stormont. The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) refused to join these 'proximity' talks. Sinn Féin (SF) were refused entry to the talks. Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, and Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), met a number of the other parties.

Friday 8 March 1996
David Cook, the then chairman of the Police Authority of Northern Ireland, and Chris Ryder, a Police Authority member, were both dismissed from their positions on the Authority by Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. The two men had earlier lost a vote of confidence.

Saturday 9 March 1996

The Irish Republican Army (IRA) later admitted responsibility for a small 'improvised device' which exploded in Old Brompton Road, London. The explosion caused no injuries and only minor damage.

Monday 11 March 1996
David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), met with the leaders of the Irish Coalition Government in Dublin.

Wednesday 20 March 1996
Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), had a briefing with Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, on plans for elections in Northern Ireland. Dick Spring refused to publicly support the plans.

Thursday 21 March 1996
John Major, the British Prime Minister, announced details of elections to be held on 30 May 1996. The elections were designed to decide which parties would take part in all-party negotiations on 10 June 1996. The elections were also to elect delegates to the proposed Forumn. The Forumn was to be made up of 110 delegates, 90 elected directly and 20 'top-up' seats from the 10 parties polling the most votes. The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Sinn Féin (SF) both criticised the proposals.

Friday 22 March 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) stated that there was little prospect for a renewed ceasefire. The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) announced an end to its ceasefire ??.

Saturday 23 March 1996
Sinn Féin (SF) Árd Fheis began in Ambassador Cinema in Dublin. A SF decision on taking part in the 30 May 1996 elections was left for the party's Ard Chomhairle to make.

Tuesday 26 March 1996
The Police Authority published its Consultation Report. The parts of the report dealing with the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) recommended no change to the name, uniform, or oath of allegiance to the Crown. It was suggested that letterheads used by the RUC should include the adjunct, Northern Ireland's Police Service. David Cook, who had been sacked from the Police Authority on 8 March 1996, claimed that the report had been "watered down".

Friday 29 March 1996
The Forumn for Peace and Reconciliation in Dublin was suspended until a new Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire has been established.

Saturday 30 March 1996
Jim McDonnell (36), a prisoner at Maghaberry Prison, was found dead of a 'heart attack'. It was later revealed that he had a series of injuries, including 11 broken ribs, which the Prison Service said was a result of a fall or the attempts at resuscitation.

APRIL 1996

Monday 1 April 1996
A consultation paper was issued by the British Government which listed 15 parties entitled to take part in the 30 May 1996 elections. There was a series of concerns about a number of groups and individuals who were not included on the list. The list was increased to 30 on 16 April 1996.

Tuesday 2 April 1996
Michael Howard, the Home Secretary, introduced new emergency legislation to give the police the right to 'stop and search' suspected members of paramilitary groups.

Wednesday 3 April 1996
Ron Brown, the United States of America Commerce Secretary was killed in a plane crash in Croatia. Ron Brown had been involved in measures to increase American investment in Northern Ireland.

Saturday 6 April 1996
Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that the Irish Republican Army was "out of a touch" with the wishes of Irish People. Ian Paisley, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), celebrated his 70th birthday and stated his intention to continue as leader of the DUP and the Free Presbyterian Church.

Sunday 7 April 1996 (Easter Sunday)

Republicans hold a series of rallies to commemorate the Easter Rising of 1916. Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), addresses a rally in the Bogside, Derry. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued an 'Easter statement' which did not mention a renewed ceasefire.

Monday 8 April 1996
There was violence following an Apprentice Boys organisation protest at the banning of their march through the Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast.

Friday 12 April 1996
The 26th annual conference of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) opened in Belfast.

Saturday 13 April 1996
John Alderdice, the leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI), addressed his party conference in Belfast.

Tuesday 16 April 1996
British government publishes draft legislation (in the form of a 'Command Paper') for the proposed elections in Northern Ireland on 30 May 1996. The proposals lead to a period of debate before the legislation is rushed through parliament on 18 April 1996. The number of parties entitled to stand in the elections was increased from the original 15 to 30, however the list still excluded the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP).

Wednesday 17 April 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded a bomb in The Boltons, Earls Court, London. The bomb went off in a vacant house and there were no injuries.

Thursday 18 April 1996
Although the Unionist parties and the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) oppose aspects of the legislation, the Northern Ireland (Entry to Negotiations) Bill was passed at Westminster. The names of the 30 parties and individuals who will appear on the ballot paper for the Northern Ireland election were published in the Bill.

Saturday 20 April 1996
It is believed that John Major, the British Prime Minister, and Bill Clinton, President of the United States of America (USA), discussed the 'Peace Process' at a summit in Moscow. A Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG) report shows that poverty in Northern Ireland continues to be the highest in the United Kingdom (UK).

Sunday 21 April 1996
Bertie Ahern, the leader of Fianna Fáil, criticised the Irish government's approach to Northern Ireland. He placed some of the blame for the ending of the Irish Republican Army's (IRA) ceasefire on John Bruton, the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister). The criticism places strain on the bipartisan approach to Northern Ireland in the Dáil.

Wednesday 24 April 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) planted two bombs at Hammersmith Bridge, London. The bombs contained 30 pounds of Semtex and although the detonators went off the main charges failed to explode. There were no injuries and no damage was caused. There were claims, in a Channel 4 Dispatches programme, that the British Government had sanctioned secret talks with Sinn Féin (SF) which began in 1990. Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, denied the claims and stated that talks only began in 1993.

Friday 26 April 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) accepted responsibility for the bomb at Hammersmith Bridge, London (Thursday 25 April 1996). Jim Nicholoson, Chairman of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), stepped down as UUP Chairman. Dennis Rogan, Vice-Chairman of the UUP, succeeded him.

Sunday 28 April 1996
Michael Ancram, the Political Development minister at the Northern Ireland Office (NIO), said that the Irish Republican Army (IRA) must restore its ceasefire and Sinn Féin (SF) must agree to be bound by the six 'Mitchell Principles' before it could join all-party talks. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) stopped a group of Orangemen from marching through the lower Ormeau Road in Belfast. This decision led to a two-hour stand-off.

Monday 29 April 1996
Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), made a proposal that the issue of decommissioning should become a 'fourth strand' in the proposed all-party talks.

Tuesday 30 April 1996
In response to Dick Spring's suggestion of 29 April 1996, unionist politicians accuse the Irish Government of trying to "appease" the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

MAY 1996

Wednesday 1 May 1996
A White Paper was published on the future of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC).

Thursday 2 May 1996
Conor Cruise O'Brien, formally an Irish Labour Party Minister, announced that he would stand in the forth-coming Northern Ireland elections on behalf of the United Kingdom Unionists (UKU).

Sunday 5 May 1996
A coded warning in the name of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is issued stating that two bombs have been planted in Dublin. A suspect car at Dublin Airport is blown-up in the following security operation.

Thursday 9 May 1996
Michael Howard, the Home Secretary, agreed to the transfer of Patrick Kelly, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) prisoner, from Maghaberry Prison in Northern Ireland to Portlaoise Prison in the Republic of Ireland.

Friday 10 May 1996
Following protests Ian Paisley, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), was told that his name would be added to his party's name in the forth-coming elections.

Thursday 16 May 1996
John Major, the British Prime Minister, said, in an Irish Times article, that arms decommissioning would have to be addressed at the start of talks.

Sunday 19 May 1996
Geoffrey Anderson, a Royal Irish Regiment soldier, killed two people and injured a third before committing suicide. There was a confrontation between the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and nationalists in the village of Dunloy, County Antrim, during an Apprentice Boys of Derry march.

Monday 20 May 1996
Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), said that SF was prepared to accept the six 'Mitchell Principles' if the other parties agreed to them.

Tuesday 21 May 1996
Hugh Annesley, the Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), announced that he would retire later in the year.

Saturday 25 May 1996
Dessie McCleery, a member of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) 'GHQ' faction, was shot dead in central Belfast. The killing was part of a continuing INLA feud.

Tuesday 28 May 1996

Dick Spring, the Tánaiste (deputy Irish Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs), met Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, in Dublin after which they announced that George Mitchell, a former United States Senator, should play a key role in the proposed all-party talks.

Thursday 30 May 1996
Elections to the proposed Northern Ireland Forumn and all-party negotiations were held across Northern Ireland. The most significant outcome was that Sinn Féin (SF) attracted a record vote of 15.5%. RESULTS: Turnout - 64.7%, 754,296; Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) - 30 seats, 24.2%; Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) - 21 seats, 21.4%; Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) - 24 seats, 21.4%; Sinn Féin (SF) - 17 seats, 15.5%; Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) - 7 seats, 6.5%; United Kingdom Unionists (UKU) - 3 seats, 3.7%; Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) - 2 seats, 3.5%; Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) - 2 seats, 2.2%; Northern Ireland Women's Coalition (NIWC) - 2 seats, 1.0%; Labour - 2 seats, 0.8%.

JUNE 1996

Tuesday 4 June 1996
The Northern Ireland Office (NIO) invited nine political parties to attend talks at Stormont. Sinn Féin (SF) were not invited to the talks. Mary Robinson, the President of the Republic of Ireland, began the first official state visit to Britain by an Irish Head of State.

Wednesday 5 June 1996
Following three days of talks the British and Irish Governments agreed ground rules for all-party talks. The three members of the International Body on Arms Decommissioning, George Mitchell, John de Chastelain, and Harri Holkeri, were to chair various strands of the proposed talks. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued a statement that a new ceasefire was "remote in the extreme".

Friday 7 June 1996
Jerry McCabe, a Detective in Garda Síochána (the Irish police service), is shot dead during a post office robbery in Adare, County Limerick, Republic of Ireland. Suspicion for the killing fell on members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) who later admitted responsibility.

Sunday 9 June 1996
Fra Shannon, a member of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) 'GHQ' faction, was shot dead in west Belfast in a continuing INLA feud.

Monday 10 June 1996
All-party negotiations (hereafter referred to as the 'Stormont talks') began in Stormont, Belfast. The talks began with opposition from the unionist parties to the extent of the role to be played by the chair George Mitchell. John Major, the British Prime Minister, and John Bruton, the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), gave a joint press conference and indicated their support for George Mitchell. Sinn Féin (SF) were refused entry to the talks and the two governments issued a statement on the decision to exclude SF.

Tuesday 11 June 1996
The second day of the Stormont talks were again spent in argument over the appointment of George Mitchell as chair and the extent of his "over-arching" role. The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) agreed to a compromise which reduced the role of George Mitchell but which let talks proceed.

Friday 14 June 1996
The Northern Ireland Forumn met for the first time in Belfast. Sinn Féin was excluded because of the absence of an Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire. There are objections by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the United Kingdom Unionists (UKU) to the appointment of John Gorman, a Catholic Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) delegate, to the chair of the Forumn.

Saturday 15 June 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded a bomb in Manchester, which destroyed a large part of the city centre and injured 200 people. The bomb was estimated to have contained one-and-a-half tonnes of home-made explosives. Although a warning of one hour and twenty minutes was received by a local television station injuries were still caused by the sheer scale of the explosion. In response to the Manchester bomb the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) announced that it was putting its members 'on alert'. Niall Donovan (28), a Catholic man, was stabbed to death near Dungannon, County Tyrone.

Tuesday 18 June 1996
Parts of the centre of Dublin were evacuated in a bomb hoax which was supposed to have been made by the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF).

Wednesday 19 June 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued a statement. In the statement they said: "We are still prepared to enhance the democratic peace process".

Thursday 20 June 1996
An Irish Republican Army (IRA) 'bomb factory' was found by Gardí near Clonasee, County Laois, Republic of Ireland. In response the Irish Government ended all contacts with Sinn Féin (SF).

Friday 21 June 1996
Hundreds of Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers escorted an Orange march through north Belfast. There were riots following the parade in catholic areas of Belfast. Gareth Parker (23), a Catholic man, died following a beating he received near the Shaftesbury Inn in north Belfast.

Wednesday 26 June 1996
David Trimble, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), admitted bringing pressure to bear on the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) over the events on the Garvaghy Road in 1995. Trimble had pressed for prosecutions against the leaders of the Garvaghy Road residents who had opposed the 1995 Drumcree Orange march. Prosecutions were dismissed. Veronica Guerin, an investigative journalist in Dublin, was shot dead near to Dublin.

Thursday 27 June 1996
Gardí in the Republic of Ireland recover 100 pounds of home-made explosives at Clones, County Monaghan.

Friday 28 June 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) launched an attack at a British Army barracks in Osnabreuck, Germany. Three mortars were fired in the attack but there were no injuries. Several buildings were damaged.

Sunday 30 June 1996
The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) rerouted a parade from passing through the lower Ormeau Road.

JULY 1996

Sunday 7 July 1996
The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) prevented a march by Portadown Orangemen from returning from Drumcree Church via the Garvaghy Road. The decision was taken by Sir Hugh Annesley, the Chief Constable of the RUC. The reason given for the decision was to prevent public disorder but the result was to mark the start of Northern Ireland wide protests. Protests and roadblocks began to spread across Northern Ireland. Michael McGoldrick (31), a Catholic man, was shot dead outside Lurgan. The attack bore the hallmarks of a paramilitary killing but no group claimed responsibility. Suspicion for the killing fell on a 'maverick group' from the mid-Ulster brigade of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).

Monday 8 July 1996
Many aspects of life in Northern Ireland were disrupted as protests were mounted across the region in support of the Drumcree Orangemen. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) fired plastic bullets to control protesting crowds in Drumcree (Portadown), Sandy Row (Belfast) and Ballymena. At the multi-party talks in Stormont, Belfast the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the United Kingdom Unionists (UKU) all pulled out of the talks in protest at the decision of the RUC to prevent the march at Drumcree. "Fire and brimstone" speeches by unionist politicians were claimed by the McGoldrick family to be partly to blame for their son's death on 7 July 1996.

Tuesday 9 July 1996
The British government sent an extra 1,000 troops to Northern Ireland to support the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). The resources of the RUC were seriously stretched across Northern Ireland. Hundreds of roads, including motorways, were blocked by members of the Orange Order and loyalist supporters. Several Catholic families felt sufficiently intimidated to leave their homes in the Torrens area of Belfast. Gunshots were also reported in north Belfast. Leaders of the main Unionist parties meet with John Major, the British Prime Minister, in Downing Street, London.

Wednesday 10 July 1996
Many towns and villages across Northern Ireland were blocked, either completely or for considerable periods during the day. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) reported that since Sunday (7 July 1996) there had been: 90 civilians and 50 RUC officers injured; 156 arrests; over 100 incidents of intimidation; 758 attacks on the RUC; and 662 plastic baton rounds fired by the RUC.

Thursday 11 July 1996
Hugh Annesley, the Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), reversed his decision and ordered his officers to allow the Orange march to pass along the Garvaghy Road in Portadown. 1,200 Orangemen were allowed to proceed down the Garvaghy Road. Protesting residents were forced off the road. Rioting broke out in the Catholic housing estate and was followed by serious rioting in other nationalist areas including Armagh, Belfast, Derry and Lurgan. Three RUC officers were injured by gunfire in north Belfast. There was widespread condemnation of the decision in nationalist circles with many political and community leaders claiming there had been a surrender to the threat of physical force.

Friday 12 July 1996
Ballynafeigh Orangemen were allowed to march through the Catholic lower Ormeau Road area of Belfast. There was continuing rioting in nationalist areas. Dermot McShane (35), a Catholic man, was killed when he was run over by a British Army armoured car in Little James Street, Derry. It was estimated that 1,000 petrol bombs were thrown and 1,000 plastic bullets were fired in Derry. John Bruton, Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), criticised the decision to allow the Orange march to proceed on the Garvaghy Road. He accused the British government of yielding to force and the threat of force.

Saturday 13 July 1996
A car bomb exploded outside the Kilyhelvin Hotel, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, causing substantial damage. The bomb was estimated to have contained 1,200 pounds of home-made explosive and the large blast injured 17 people as they were being evacuated from the hotel. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) denied responsibility for the bomb as did Republican Sinn Féin (RSF). Security sources placed the blame for the attack on the Irish Republican National Army (IRNA) considered to be the military wing of RSF. A group calling itself the Irish Continuity Army Council later claimed responsibility for the bomb. There were further riots in nationalist areas. The Social Democratic and Labour Party announced that it would withdraw from the Northern Ireland Forumn.

Sunday 14 July 1996
Nationalists held large rallies in Belfast, Derry and Lurgan.

Monday 15 July 1996
In a series of raids the London Metropolitan Police found components for making bombs at a number of addresses in Tooting and Peckham, London. The police speculated that the equipment would have been used in bomb attacks on utility installations in London and the south-east of England. Seven men were arrested in the raids, and a man and a woman were later arrested in Birmingham. It was revealed in a television programme (BBC's Panorama) that David Trimble, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), had held a meeting during the Drumcree stand-off with Billy Wright, a leading loyalist in Portadown. The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) accused David Trimble of being in breach of the Mitchell principles. Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced the setting up of a committee to review parades in Northern Ireland (the Independent Review of Parades and Marches).

Wednesday 17 July 1996
The mayor of Derry, Richard Dallas, was stripped of the use of council facilities because of his part in an Orange roadblock on the Craigavon Bridge in the city.

Friday 19 July 1996
Eight men were remanded in custody after appearing on charges of conspiring to cause explosions. The men were arrested on 15 July 1996. At a meeting between Hugh Annesley, the Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), and the Police Authority of Northern Ireland, a motion of no-confidence in Hugh Annesley was dropped.

Monday 22 July 1996
Delegations from the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) met with John Major, the British Prime Minister, in Downing Street, London.

Monday 29 July 1996
Agreement on procedures for talks was reached at the Stormont talks. There was no movement on the setting of the agenda for substantive talks.

Wednesday 31 July 1966

Dr Peter North, a vice-chancellor at Oxford and a Queen's Council, was appointed to head the Independent Review of Parades and Marches. Later the Rev. Dr John Dunlop and Father Oliver Crilly were also appointed to the body.

AUGUST 1996

Friday 2 August 1996
In a statement the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) announced that the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade was to disband. The statement also said that activities of the Portadown unit would be investigated. Sinn Féin denied organising boycotts of Protestant businesses in rural areas of Northern Ireland. Since the stand-off at Drumcree some nationalists had been boycotting Protestant businesses in Armagh, Castlederg, Lisnaskea, Omagh and Pomery. Nationalists claimed that the business people had taken part in Orange roadblocks during the stand-off.

Monday 5 August 1996
A meeting between the Apprentice Boys of Derry and the Bogside Residents Association ended without agreement about the march due to take place on 10 August 1996. A series of meetings between the two groups had been chaired by the local Member of Parliament John Hume, the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).

Wednesday 7 August 1996
Patrick Mayhew, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, ordered that the contentious part of the Derry walls, a section overlooking the Bogside area, be closed off for a month. This effectively banned the proposed march on 10 August 1996. Immediately after the decision the British Army moved to seal off the section of walls. Gardí in the Republic of Ireland discover a rocket launcher and ammunition in the Fane River near Dundalk, County Louth.

Saturday 10 August 1996
In a decision taken during the morning the Apprentice Boys of Derry organisation decided not to try to walk along the section of closed-off Derry walls. The main parade through the centre of the city went ahead as planned. Contentious parades in Newtownbutler and Roslea, County Fermanagh went ahead after compromises were reached with local residents. There was trouble in Dunloy, County Derry, when a large group of Apprentice Boys tried to parade through the village. John Molloy (18), a Catholic man, was stabbed to death in Belfast.

Sunday 11 August 1996
In Bellaghy, County Derry, residents blocked a parade by members of the Royal Black Institution. A compromise was eventually reached which ended a 20 hour stand-off.

Monday 12 August 1996
Four Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers were suspended for taking part in Orange parades.

Thursday 15 August 1996
The Police Authority of Northern Ireland estimated a cost of £10 million for police overtime during and after the Drumcree standoff.

Monday 19 August 1996
Jimmy Smith, one of those who had escaped from the Maze prison in 1983, was extradited from the United States of America.

Tuesday 20 August 1996
John Alderdice, the leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI), was awarded a life peerage to the House of Lords. His name had been sponsored by the Liberal Democrats.

Wednesday 28 August 1996
The Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC), an umbrella group for loyalist paramilitaries, issued a statement ordering Billy Wright and Alex Kerr (both leading Loyalists figures from Portadown, County Armagh) to leave Northern Ireland or face "summary justice". Mr Kerr was in custody when the threat was issued but Mr Wright said he would defy the order.

Friday 30 August 1996
Following a series of interviews the Police Authority of Northern Ireland announced that Ronnie Flanagan was to be appointed as the new Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Chief Constable. Ronnie Flanagan takes over from Hugh Annesley in November 1996.

SEPTEMBER 1996

Sunday 1 September 1996
Billy Wright, a leading Loyalist who had been ordered to leave Northern Ireland by the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) on 28 August 1996, addressed a group of supporters at midnight; the time of the deadline set by the CLMC. A bomb was thrown through the window of the home of Alex Kerr's parents (Alex Kerr was also under threat from the CLMC but was in police custody at the time of the attack). There were no injuries as a result of the bombing. A series of Orange marches were rerouted in Dunloy, Newry, lower Ormeau Road, Pomeroy, and Strabane.

Monday 2 September 1996
There were sectarian clashes between residents in the Mountcollyer Street and Duncairn Gardens areas of Belfast and British troops were deployed in support of the police.

Tuesday 3 September 1996
Hugh Torney, believed to be the former Chief of Staff of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), was shot dead in Lurgan. This killing was part of feud that had begun on 30 January 1996 with the killing of Gino Gallagher. (Hugh Torney's faction later disbanded on 9 September 1996.)

Wednesday 4 September 1996
There was a rally in Portadown, County Armagh, in support of Billy Wright and Alex Kerr. The rally was addressed by William McCrea, Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) Member of Parliament.

Friday 6 September 1996
The Forumn met for business after a break for the summer. The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Sinn Féin (SF) did not attend.

Sunday 8 September 1996
An Orange parade in Dunloy, County Antrim was rerouted by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). In protest at this decision the Orangemen held a short stand-off at a police line.

Monday 9 September 1996
The 'General Head Quarters' (GHQ) faction of the Irish National Liberation Army announced that the group was disbanding. This decision followed the killing of Hugh Torney on 3 September 1996. This marked the ending of a feud within the INLA which started with the killing of Gino Gallagher on 30 January 1996. This latest feud had claimed six lives. The Stormont talks resumed after a break during the summer. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the United Kingdom Unionists brought a complaint against the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) for breach of the 'Mitchell Principles' because of their failure to condemn threats made against Billy Wright and Alex Kerr; both Loyalists from Portadown, County Armagh. The Irish Times newspaper published the results of a poll one of the results of which showed that two-thirds of people in Northern Ireland thought the Stormont talks would fail.

Tuesday 10 September 1996
The two governments, British and Irish, decided that the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) were not in breach of the 'Mitchell Principles' and therefore could remain in the talks at Stormont.

Wednesday 11 September 1996
John Bruton, the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), addressed a joint session of the United States Congress. His address was upbeat and optimistic about the prospects for progress in the all-party talks and also the possibility of a new Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire.

Thursday 12 September 1996
Mary Robinson, the President of the Republic of Ireland, had a number of engagements in Belfast. There were protests at one of the venues, a women's centre on the Donegal Road, and the centre was later badly damaged in an arson attack.

Michael Whelan (35), a Catholic man, was discovered beaten to death in the lower Ormeau area of Belfast. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) later said the motive for the killing was sectarian.

Friday 13 September 1996
British Government Ministers were reportedly warned that the Irish Republican Army (IRA) were ready to launch a renewed bombing campaign in Britain.

Sunday 15 September 1996
There was media speculation that the Irish Republican Army (IRA) was about to call a permanent ceasefire, but this was rejected by republican representatives. There were a series of pickets by loyalists outside Catholic chapels in Ballymena, Bushmills and Dervock, all in County Antrim. A Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) councillor, David McAllister, said the pickets were a response to the rerouting of Orange parades and the boycott of Protestant businesses by Catholics. The protests were widely condemned. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) arrested three men in connection with the murder of Michael Whelan (35) on 12 September 1996.

Monday 16 September 1996
Seán Devlin (30), a Catholic man, was shot dead in the Markets area of Belfast. Responsibility for the killing was later claimed by Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD) which is believed by many people to be a cover name used by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). In the Stormont talks the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) brought a complaint against the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) that their actions during the 'Drumcree standoff' (7 July 1996 to 11 July 1996) were a breach of the 'Mitchell Principles'. The Alliance Party also complained of the attendance of William McCrea (DUP Member of Parliament) at a rally in support of Billy Wright (a prominent Loyalist) in Portadown, County Armagh.

Monday 23 September 1996
Diarmuid O'Neill (AGE) (later confirmed as a member of the Irish Republican Army; IRA) was shot dead in raids by security service personnel. In the security operation several people were arrested and bomb-making material recovered. Ten tonnes of home-made explosives, two pounds of Semtex, rifles and other bomb equipment were recovered. Initial reports of the arrest operation suggested that there had been a 'shoot-out' but it was later revealed that Mr O'Neill was unarmed at the time of the shooting.

Sunday 29 September 1996
A 250 pound car bomb made of home-made explosives was abandoned in Belfast. Security forces used a controlled explosion to make the bomb safe. The Irish Continuity Army Council later claimed responsibility for the bomb.

OCTOBER 1996

Monday 7 October 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded two bombs in the British Army Headquarters, Thiepval Barracks, Lisburn, County Antrim (responsibility for the bombs was claimed on 8 October 1996). 31 people were injured, four seriously, in the attack. (Warrant Officer James Bradwell (43) died four days later (11 October) of injuries received in the blasts). The bombs were each estimated to have contained 800 pounds of home-made explosive. The car bombs were smuggled into what is considered to be the top security base in Northern Ireland. The bombs were the first attack against the security forces in Northern Ireland by the IRA since their ceasefire on 31 August 1994.

The bombing coincided with the start of the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth, and a meeting between loyalist prisoners and representatives of the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) in the Maze Prison.

Tuesday 8 October 1996
In a statement issued from Dublin the Irish Republican Army (IRA) admitted responsibility for the bombs in Lisburn, County Antrim, on 7 October 1996.

Wednesday 9 October 1996
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued a statement stating that Diarmuid O'Neill (AGE), who was shot dead by British security personnel in London on 23 September 1996, was one of their volunteers.

Friday 11 October 1996
Warrant Officer James Bradwell (43) died of injuries received during the Irish Republic Army (IRA) bombing of the British Army Barracks on Monday 7 October 1996. There were reports in the Northern Ireland media that the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) had met during the day to consider their response to the IRA bombing. At the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth, John Major, the British Prime Minister, told delegates that the IRA would not bomb its way into the Stormont talks. About 1,000 people attended a peace rally organised by Women Together outside the City Hall in Belfast.

Saturday 12 October 1996
The Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) held its annual conference. Leaders of the PUP appealed to the loyalist paramilitary groups to maintain their ceasefire. Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin (SF), warned that Northern Ireland was on the edge of an abyss and called for talks that would include SF.

NOVEMBER 1996

DECEMBER 1996