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Visualising the Conflict
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Maps
Map Set 6: Deaths and Multiple Deprivation Measure score
Maps drawn by Luke Kelleher; text by Martin Melaugh

Map Set 6: Death Rates and Multiple Deprivation Measure score Maps - Introduction

Maps - Deaths (1969-2001), by area (Belfast, Derry), by status and organisation, with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level (10 maps)

image of mapThis set of maps illustrates the death rates per 1000 population, for five categories of status, due to the conflict in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 2001, for Belfast and Derry, as as displayed in Map Set 4 but in addition indicates the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure (NIMDM) 2005 score for each ward. The NIMDM is a combination of seven types or 'domains' of deprivation:

  • Income Deprivation 25%
  • Employment Deprivation 25%
  • Health Deprivation and Disability 15%
  • Education, Skills and Training Deprivation 15%
  • Proximity to Services 10%
  • Living Environment 5%
  • Crime and Disorder 5%

The NIMDM was downloaded from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

See also: the introduction and commentary for Map Set 4.

Maps: Deaths (1969-2001), by area (Belfast, Derry), by status and organisation, with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level (10 maps compiled and drawn by Luke Kelleher)
 
Title of Map File Version
PDF L-JPG H-JPG
Belfast
image of mapDeaths - Belfast - Ward - MDM
Total Death Rates (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Belfast (1969-2001), with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level
.pdf
496kb
.jpg
157kb
.jpg
1143kb
image of mapDeaths - Belfast - Civilians - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Civilians (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Belfast (1969-2001), with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level
.pdf
541kb
.jpg
157kb
.jpg
1001kb
image of mapDeaths - Belfast - British Security Forces - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of British Security Forces (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Belfast (1969-2001), with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level
.pdf
539kb
.jpg
165kb
.jpg
1235kb
image of mapDeaths - Belfast - Republicans - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Republican Paramilitaries (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Belfast (1969-2001), with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level
.pdf
523kb
.jpg
160kb
.jpg
1167kb
image of mapDeaths - Belfast - Loyalists - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Loyalist Paramilitaries (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Belfast (1969-2001), with Multiple Deprivation Measure score, at ward level
.pdf
502kb
.jpg
163kb
.jpg
1146kb
Derry
image of mapDeaths - Derry - Ward - MDM
Total Death Rates (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Derry (1969-2001), at ward level
.pdf
491kb
.jpg
149kb
.jpg
1137kb
image of mapDeaths - Derry - Civilians - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Civilians (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Derry (1969-2001), at ward level
.pdf
515kb
.jpg
142kb
.jpg
882kb
image of mapDeaths - Derry - British Security Forces - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of British Security Forces (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Derry (1969-2001), at ward level
.pdf
595kb
.jpg
182kb
.jpg
1441kb
image of mapDeaths - Derry - Republicans - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Republican Paramilitaries (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Derry (1969-2001), at ward level
.pdf
619kb
.jpg
225kb
.jpg
1556kb
image of mapDeaths - Derry - Loyalists - Ward - MDM
Death Rates of Loyalist Paramilitaries (per 1000 population) due to the conflict in Derry (1969-2001), at ward level
.pdf
588kb
.jpg
214kb
.jpg
1508kb

 

Death Rates and MDM score: Commentary - Martin Melaugh

The above maps are equivalent to the ones for Belfast and Derry in Map Set 4, except they also include the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure (NIMDM) 2005 score for each ward. The Northern Ireland maps were excluded because the MDM score would not be readable on the resultant map.

The maps indicate that there is a correlation between the highest levels of deaths and the highest levels of Deprivation. This is confirmed in the graphs in Graph Set 1.

Other researchers have mapped the deaths that occurred as a result of the conflict. However, it is often the case that the maps that appear in academic journal articles and books are not at a scale which allows the detailed information to be easily viewed. It was decided that for the Visualising the Conflict project it would be important to produce a range of maps, at sufficient scales, to allow users to examine the information in detail.

It is also the case that other researchers have mapped datasets of deaths that were not based on Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths. Due to criteria used by different compilers, no two list of deaths are the same. CAIN has worked with Malcolm Sutton since 1999 to amend his list in response to feedback in the form of hundreds of emails and letters. As a result the accuracy of this information has improved over the years.

For those unfamiliar with the Northern Ireland conflict the first thing they may notice in the maps displaying total death rates for Northern Ireland and Belfast, is the uneven spread of the conflict. There are wards in the region within which no deaths occurred as a result of the conflict. There are other wards which suffered quite high rates of deaths. The overall pattern was for high levels of deaths to occur in Belfast, particularly north and west Belfast, Derry, south Armagh, east Tyrone and the border counties.

Death Rates and MDM scores: Sources

The electoral ward shapefile was downloaded from EDINA borders Web site:
      http://borders.edina.ac.uk/html/lut_download/ni_ward.html

The number of deaths is based on the Malcolm Sutton Index of Deaths (1969-2001):
      http://www.cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/

The 2001 census population counts for each ward were downloaded from Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) Web site:
      http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/Census2001Output/KeyStatistics/keystatrep.html

The NIMDM was downloaded from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
      http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_deprivation2005/datacatalogue.asp?button=ward

Notes

The GIS maps listed above have been produced as part of the AHRC 'Visualising the Conflict' Project. The maps have been reproduced and made available with the permission of Land & Property Services under Delegated Authority from the Controller of HMSO, © Crown Copyright and database right 2010; Permit Number: 40209.

All maps were prepared by Luke Kelleher, then a Research Associate (GIS) working with CAIN. All maps were sized A4 (approximately). GIS software was used to produce TIFF versions (A4 approx; 300dpi) which are available on request. Three versions of each map have been made available above:

  • PDF versions (A4 approx; 300dpi) are based on original TIFF files.
  • L-JPG versions (1000px700p approx; 72dpi) are low resolution JPEG images.
  • H-JPG versions (A4 approx; 300dpi) are high resolution JPEG images.

Users of the above maps should note that the choice of the number of levels at which to draw the map information, together with the cut-off points used for these levels, depends on decisions made by the researchers involved. While it is true that it would be possible to produce a different set of maps using different cut-off points, the researchers feel that the ones chosen provide the greatest level of clarity, with the greatest level of detail, and reflect the underlying patterns in the data.

It is also worth stating that using the population in 2001 as the basis for calculating the death rates is a compromise solution. To be entirely accurate it would be necessary to work out how many people lived in a particular area during the time being considered (1969-2001). The additional time taken to work out these figures would not be rewarded by any significant increase in accuracy. Hence the researchers, as is the case with other researchers, have chosen the population in a particular year to represent the relative population level over the time period.

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